14.1. Engine
At start of the engine the crankshaft does not rotate:
– accumulator plugs are unreliably connected or oxidized;
– the accumulator is discharged or faulty;
– violation of integrity of an electrical wiring in a starter chain;
– the traction relay of a starter is faulty;
– the starter is faulty;
– teeths of a gear wheel of the drive of a starter or teeths of a gear wreath of a flywheel are worn-out;
– the tire of grounding of the engine on the car case is disconnected.
The crankshaft rotates, but the engine is not started:
– there is no fuel in a tank;
– the accumulator is discharged (the crankshaft rotates very slowly);
– are unreliably fixed or oxidized the accumulator plug;
– elements of system of ignition (petrol engines) are damaged;
– the wrong gap in spark plugs (petrol engines);
– the system of prestarting heating (diesel engines) is faulty;
– damage of system of injection of fuel (petrol engines);
– the electromagnetic valve blocking fuel supply (diesel engines) is faulty;
– air in fuel system (diesel engines);
– mechanical malfunction of system of gas distribution.
Unstable start of the cold engine:
– the accumulator is discharged;
– accumulator plugs are unreliably connected or oxidized;
– failure or interelectrode gaps in candles (petrol engines) are incorrectly adjusted;
– the system of prestarting heating (diesel engines) is faulty;
– the system of injection of fuel (petrol engines) is damaged;
– damage of system of ignition (petrol engines);
– a low compression in cylinders.
Unstable start of the hot engine:
– the filtering element of the air filter is polluted;
– damage of system of injection of fuel (petrol engines);
– a low compression in cylinders.
At inclusion of a starter there are extraneous noises:
– teeths on a gear wheel of a starter or a gear wreath of a flywheel are worn-out or broken;
– bolts of fastening of a starter are absent or are unreliably tightened;
– wear or damage of details of a starter.
Engine stop after start:
– unreliable connection of elements of system of ignition (petrol engines);
– an air suction in system of injection or an inlet collector (petrol engines);
– damage of system of injection of fuel (petrol engines).
Unstable power setting idling:
– the filtering element of the air filter is polluted;
– an air suction in system of injection, an inlet collector or hoses (petrol engines);
– the interelectrode gap is incorrectly adjusted or spark plugs (petrol engines) are worn-out;
– an uneven or low compression in cylinders;
– cam-shaft cams are worn-out;
– the gear belt of the drive of the mechanism of gas distribution is incorrectly established;
– damage of system of injection of fuel (petrol engines);
– nozzles (diesel engines) are faulty.
Admissions of ignition idling:
– the interelectrode gap is incorrectly adjusted or spark plugs (petrol engines) are worn-out;
– defective high-voltage wires (petrol engines);
– an air suction in system of injection, an inlet collector or hoses (petrol engines);
– damage of system of injection of fuel (petrol engines);
– nozzles (diesel engines) are faulty;
– an uneven or low compression in cylinders;
– hoses of ventilation of a case of the engine were disconnected or are untight.
Admissions of ignition in all range of turns of the engine:
– the fuel filter is polluted;
– it is faulty or the low pressure of supply of fuel the fuel pump;
– the drainage opening of the fuel tank or fuel-supply lines is hammered;
– an air suction in system of injection, an inlet collector or hoses (petrol engines);
– the interelectrode gap is incorrectly adjusted or spark plugs (petrol engines) are worn-out;
– the ignition coil (petrol engines) is faulty;
– the nozzle (diesel engines) is faulty;
– the distributor breaker cover (petrol engines) is faulty;
– an uneven or low compression in cylinders;
– damage of system of injection of fuel (petrol engines).
Vibration of the engine at acceleration:
– the interelectrode gap is incorrectly adjusted or spark plugs (petrol engines) are worn-out;
– an air suction in system of injection, an inlet collector or hoses (petrol engines);
– damage of system of injection of fuel (petrol engines);
– the nozzle (diesel engines) is faulty.
Unstable operation of the engine:
– an air suction in system of injection, an inlet collector or hoses (petrol engines);
– the fuel filter is hammered;
– malfunction or low pressure of supply of fuel fuel pump (petrol engines);
– the drainage opening of the fuel tank or fuel-supply lines is hammered;
– damage of system of injection of fuel (petrol engines);
– nozzles (diesel engines) are faulty.
Low return of engine capacity:
– the gear belt of the drive is incorrectly established;
– the fuel filter is hammered;
– it is faulty or the low pressure of supply of fuel the fuel pump;
– an uneven or low compression in cylinders;
– the interelectrode gap is incorrectly adjusted or spark plugs (petrol engines) are worn-out;
– an air suction in system of injection, an inlet collector or hoses (petrol engines);
– the system of injection of fuel (petrol engines) is faulty;
– nozzles (diesel engines) are faulty;
– the moment of injection of fuel of the fuel pump (diesel engines) is incorrectly determined;
– jamming of brakes;
– coupling pro-slipping.
Backfires in the engine:
– the gear belt of the drive of the mechanism of gas distribution is incorrectly established;
– an air suction in system of injection, an inlet collector or hoses (petrol engines);
– damage of system of injection of fuel (petrol engines).
Low pressure of oil in the engine:
– low level of oil or its wrong grade;
– the oil pressure sensor is faulty;
– bearings of the engine or the oil pump are worn-out;
– engine overheat;
– the safety valve of pressure of oil is faulty;
– the mesh filter of an oil receiver is polluted.
The engine works after switching off of ignition:
– an excessive deposit in combustion chambers;
– engine overheat;
– damage of system of injection of fuel (petrol engines);
– the electromagnetic valve of a stop of the engine (diesel engines) is faulty.
Noise in the engine
Detonation in the engine at acceleration:
– the ignition advancing corner (petrol engines) is incorrectly established;
– the type of spark plugs does not correspond to demanded;
– low octane number of fuel;
– an air suction in system of injection, an inlet collector or hoses (petrol engines);
– an excessive deposit in combustion chambers;
– damage of system of injection of fuel (petrol engines).
The whistling or rattling noise:
– the inlet collector or laying of a throttle (petrol engines) is untight;
– laying of a final collector is untight;
– vacuum hoses are untight;
– laying of a head of the block of cylinders is punched.
The jingling noise:
– the valvate mechanism or a cam-shaft is worn-out;
– wear of auxiliary elements of the engine (water pump, generator, etc.).
Detonation or deaf noise:
– bearings of the lower head of a rod are worn-out (noise decreases under loading);
– radical bearings are worn-out (noise increases under loading);
– blows to the piston (especially on the cold engine);
– auxiliary elements of the engine (the water pump, the generator, etc.) are faulty.